Interval

What is an Interval?

An interval in music refers to the distance between two pitches. It is a fundamental concept used to describe the relationship between notes in terms of their pitch difference.

Key Characteristics of Intervals:

1. Types of Intervals:

   • Melodic Interval: When two notes are played sequentially (one after the other).
   • Harmonic Interval: When two notes are played simultaneously.

2. Measurement of Intervals:

   • Intervals are measured in semitones (the smallest distance between two notes in Western music).
   • Intervals are labeled by their numerical size and quality.

Common Intervals:

1. Perfect Intervals:

   • Perfect Unison (P1): Same note.
   • Perfect Fourth (P4): 5 semitones.
   • Perfect Fifth (P5): 7 semitones.
   • Perfect Octave (P8): 12 semitones.

2. Major and Minor Intervals:

   • Major Second (M2): 2 semitones.
   • Major Third (M3): 4 semitones.
   • Major Sixth (M6): 9 semitones.
   • Major Seventh (M7): 11 semitones.
   • Minor Second (m2): 1 semitone.
   • Minor Third (m3): 3 semitones.
   • Minor Sixth (m6): 8 semitones.
   • Minor Seventh (m7): 10 semitones.

3. Augmented and Diminished Intervals:

   • Augmented: One semitone larger than perfect or major intervals (e.g., Augmented Fourth, A4, 6 semitones).
   • Diminished: One semitone smaller than perfect or minor intervals (e.g., Diminished Fifth, d5, 6 semitones).

Examples:

• The interval between C and E is a Major Third (M3).
• The interval between G and D is a Perfect Fifth (P5).
• The interval between A and Bb is a Minor Second (m2).

Why Intervals Matter:

• Melody and Harmony: Intervals form the building blocks of scales, chords, and melodies.
• Music Theory: Understanding intervals is crucial for analyzing and composing music.
• Instrumental Practice: Intervals help guitarists and pianists navigate their instrument more effectively.