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12 articlesThe Company's Technology and Market Quadrant Diagram and Gravitational Directions
The quadrant diagram of market and technology determines the company's market position. With the inflation of technology, excellent technologies tend to become mediocre, and mediocre companies adopt excellent technologies; companies with a market will have a larger market, while those without a market will have a smaller one.
Stratechery: Why Did Amazon Acquire Whole Foods?
Amazon's ambition to gain a share of all economic activities led it to enter the grocery service market. However, based on an analysis of Amazon's existing strategy and the cost disadvantages in fresh produce, it does not currently have a first and best supplier in grocery. Acquiring Whole Foods allowed Amazon to not only buy a retailer but also gain a customer for its existing business.
Understanding decentralized identity (DID and DIF)
An introduction to decentralized identity (DID) and the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF): what they solve, how they work, and why they matter.
Representative Heuristics — Making Judgments Under Uncertainty
Representative heuristics are one of the methods people use to judge probabilities and valuations. During this process, people often mistakenly equate representativeness with probability. To better assist in probability judgments, the following factors should be considered: base rates, sample size, correct understanding of odds, predictability, caution against overconfidence leading to an illusion of validity in predictions, and regression to the mean.
9x Effect
Companies believe that innovation is effective only when they create new products, but they often overestimate new products by three times. Consumers, on the other hand, frequently underestimate new products by three times and often hold a skeptical attitude toward them. Therefore, a new product must be nine times better than existing alternatives to capture the market.
The Problem with Tech Unicorns
Over the past 25 years, the rise of cloud computing, smartphones, and social media has led to rapid growth for unicorn companies. However, those tech giants still struggle to find a path to high profits. Some well-known companies have demonstrated that wealth primarily comes from: large markets, high margins, and natural monopolies; limited physical assets and light regulation.
Introduction to Architecture
Architecture serves the entire lifecycle of software systems, making them easy to understand, develop, test, deploy, and operate, with the goal of minimizing the human resource costs for each business use case. O'Reilly's
What Are Western Marketers Learning from Their Chinese Peers?
The marketing landscapes of the West and China are vastly different. If Western marketers want to adapt, they need to learn to: build good relationships with major companies like BAT; prioritize mobile; value KOL marketing; focus on content marketing; manage multiple channels in the West while navigating large companies' multi-platforms in China; and balance "thoughtful planning" with "plans not keeping up with changes."
How does a company prepare for an economic recession?
Back in 2008, resilient companies prepared for the economic recession by reducing operating costs, introducing more flexibility into investment-planing, preparing far more cash than peers for acquiring assets and maintaining high-value customers’ loyalty.
Mark Zuckerberg is Building a Western Version of WeChat
With a profit margin of 42%, Facebook aims to create a Western version of WeChat, facing several challenges: how to integrate apps like WhatsApp and Instagram; capturing the Western market dominated by Apple and Google app stores; targeting privacy-conscious users for segmented advertising; and monopoly controversies.
Mark Zuckerberg is building WeChat for the West
Facebook is a very profitable company with operating margins at 42%. While transiting into a privacy-centric super app, it has to face three challenges in three aspects: technology, economy and privacy & competition.
The Problem with Tech Unicorns
Over the past 25 years, unicorns have grown fast. Nevertheless, tech stars still do not have a path to high profits. Superstar firms have proved that wealth is made by huge markets, high profits and natural monopolies.
About Tian Pan
I'm Tian Pan, an engineer-founder focused on agentic engineering — building autonomous AI systems and scaling engineering teams. I write practical guides on system design, technical leadership, and shipping with AI agents. Previously an early engineer at Uber, Brex, and IoTeX.
