Depth: The things that can be produced in a unit of time; Breadth: The expansion or innovation of the market's geographical scope across regions and countries, creating new industries such as consumer goods, industrial varieties, and spatial expansion; Length: Time dimension - financial securities.

When customers evaluate a product or a service, they weigh the perceived value against the asking price. Products and services deliver fundamental elements of value that address four kinds of needs: functional, emotional, life-changing, and social impact.

There are three types of competitive strategies: Cost Leadership Strategy - having lower costs than competitors; Differentiation Strategy - highlighting the differences between your products and those of competitors; Focus Strategy - providing specific services to a particular group of customers.

The effective market price is entirely determined by the balance of supply and demand. If you want to achieve excess returns, do not choose an efficient market, as demand can quickly find supply. Inefficient markets have prices but no market; unless you have complete control over the supply and can negotiate freely. The better low-hanging fruits are the insufficient equilibria in efficient markets.

How to get rich without getting lucky? Naval Ravikant summarized a few tips for you. Seek wealth instead of money or status. Understand that ethical wealth creation is possible. Ignore people playing status games. You’re not going to get rich renting out your time. You must own equity.

How does enterprise software achieve success? Build amazing products. Leverage virality to grow adoption at low costs. Harvest individual users for enterprise go-to-market. Build an enterprise-grade platform and ecosystem. Keep low-cost customer acquisition and a strong business model.

Without the ability to express oneself at the same skill level, job opportunities can be taken away. The essence of an interview revolves around three questions: Can you do it or not; Do you want to do it or not; Are you a good fit or not. The five discussion points in an interview are: Adversity; Influence; Technical proficiency; Fit; Achievements. How to prepare for these five discussion points: Engage with more people, accumulate experiences, learn more technical skills, and be good at research.

Bikeshedding refers to the fact that members of an organization give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. To overcome the bikeshedding, we should have a clear agenda of the meeting and not mix complex topics with easy ones.

Cognitive bias codex refers to procedures of the brain such as what should be remembered from memories. For things without enough information, brains imagine things to fill in characteristics. When there is too much information, we are drawn to notice something has changed.

There are two golden rules for web app delivery optimization. One is to minimize latency and the other is to minimize payload. We also have some advice for applying protocol-specific optimizations.